Artificial intelligence in science

The rapid advances of artificial intelligence (AI) in recent years have led to
numerous creative applications in science. Accelerating the productivity of
science could be the most economically and socially valuable of all the uses
of AI. Utilising AI to accelerate scientific productivity will support the
ability of OECD countries to grow, innovate and meet global challenges, from
climate change to new contagions.

This publication is aimed at a broad readership, including policy makers, the
public, and stakeholders in all areas of science. It is written in non-
technical language and gathers the perspectives of prominent researchers and
practitioners. The book examines various topics, including the current,
emerging, and potential future uses of AI in science, where progress is needed
to better serve scientific advancements, and changes in scientific
productivity.

Additionally, it explores measures to expedite the integration of AI into
research in developing countries.

A distinctive contribution is the book’s examination of policies for AI in
science. Policy makers and actors across research systems can do much to
deepen AI’s use in science, magnifying its positive effects, while adapting to
the fast-changing implications of AI for research governance.

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Alistair Nolan is a Senior Policy Analyst in the OECD’s Directorate for
Science, Technology and Innovation. Prior to the OECD, Mr. Nolan led a range
of industry-related analytic and technical assistance projects with the United
Nations. Over a number of years at the OECD Alistair has been involved in work
on skills and education assessment, entrepreneurship, private sector
development and policy evaluation. Alistair is currently coordinating various
streams of OECD work on artificial intelligence, and is overseeing the work on
AI diffusion under the AI-WIPS project. Mr. Nolan oversaw preparation of the
2017 publication "The Next Production Revolution: Implications for Governments
and Business", which examines a variety of emerging technologies, their
impacts and policy implications, and which was referenced at the start of the
2017 G7 Taormina Action Plan. Mr. Nolan led work on 2020 publication "The
Digitalisation of Science, Technology and Innovation : Key Developments and
Policies", which among other topics addresses the role of AI in advanced
production.